Word Searching in Scene Image and Video Frame in Multi-Script Scenario using Dynamic Shape Coding

Retrieval of text information from natural scene images and video frames is a challenging task due to its inherent problems like complex character shapes, low resolution, background noise, etc. Available OCR systems often fail to retrieve such information in scene/video frames. Keyword spotting, an alternative way to retrieve information, performs efficient text searching in such scenarios. However, current word spotting techniques in scene/video images are script-specific and they are mainly developed for Latin script. This paper presents a novel word spotting framework using dynamic shape coding for text retrieval in natural scene image and video frames. The framework is designed to search query keyword from multiple scripts with the help of on-the-fly script-wise keyword generation for the corresponding script. We have used a two-stage word spotting approach using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to detect the translated keyword in a given text line by identifying the script of the line. A novel unsupervised dynamic shape coding based scheme has been used to group similar shape characters to avoid confusion and to improve text alignment. Next, the hypotheses locations are verified to improve retrieval performance. To evaluate the proposed system for searching keyword from natural scene image and video frames, we have considered two popular Indic scripts such as Bangla (Bengali) and Devanagari along with English. Inspired by the zone-wise recognition approach in Indic scripts[1], zone-wise text information has been used to improve the traditional word spotting performance in Indic scripts. For our experiment, a dataset consisting of images of different scenes and video frames of English, Bangla and Devanagari scripts were considered. The results obtained showed the effectiveness of our proposed word spotting approach.Comment: Multimedia Tools and Applications, Springe

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Tertiary Allylic Alcohols to Enones with Oxygen in Aqueous Solvent

A one-pot procedure for Pd­(TFA)₂-catalyzed 1,3-isomerization of tertiary allylic alcohols to secondary allylic alcohols followed by a Pd­(TFA)₂/neocuproine-catalyzed oxidative reaction to β-disubstituted-α,β-unsaturated kenones was developed

Elucidating the Gain Mechanism in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Visible–Near-Infrared Photodiodes

The responsivities of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodiodes are not satisfactory (∼0.3 A W–1) due to the lack of gain. Here, visible–near-infrared PbS CQD photodiodes with a peak responsivity of ∼1 A W–1 and external quantum efficiencies larger than 100% are demonstrated. The gain is realized by electron tunneling injection through the Schottky junction (PbS-EDT/Au) with barrier height reduced to 0.27 eV, originating from the capture of photogenerated holes at the negatively charged acceptor traps generated in the oxidized hole-transport layer PbS-EDT. The resulting device exhibits a peak detectivity of ∼8 × 1011 jones at −1 V. Additionally, the response speed (400 μs) is not sacrificed by the trap states because of the dominated faster electron drift motion in the fully depleted device. Our results provide an accurate elucidation of the gain mechanism in CQD photodiodes and promise them great potential in weak light detection

<i>Ortho</i>-Dearomatization of Phenols Creating All-Carbon Spiro-Bicycles

A range of alkene-linked phenols are generally and reliably dearomatized specifically at their <i>ortho</i>-positions to create all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers at the corresponding spiro-ring junctions, thus establishing a viable solution to the long-standing synthetic challenge

Sputtering Power Induced Physical Property Variation of Nickel Oxide Films by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

<div><p>NiO thin films were deposited on Si and Corning 1737 glass substrates using radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering system. The physical properties of NiO films under different sputtering power were thoroughly studied. The XRD results indicated that as-prepared NiO films with the sputtering power above 100 W developed only (200) preferred orientation. The AFM results showed that the NiO films were composed of different-size NiO nano-grains and the grain size increased with increasing the sputtering power. The samples marked A-E under the sputtering power of 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 W have optical band gap values of 3.70, 3.65, 3.50, 3.45 and 3.44 eV, respectively. Comparatively, the controllable electrical properties of the films could be achieved by the variation of crystal quality arises from the sputtering power.</p></div

The incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias among three groups during one hour of left stellate ganglion stimulation discontinuously(±s).

<p>The incidence and duration of ventricular arrhythmias among three groups during one hour of left stellate ganglion stimulation discontinuously(±s).</p

The ventricular fibrillation threshold among three groups(±s).

<p>The ventricular fibrillation threshold among three groups(±s).</p

The cardiac function among three groups (±s).

<p>The cardiac function among three groups (±s).</p

Oridonin suppressed tumor growth through antiangiogenic activity.

<p>(A) The MTS proliferation assay of HCT116 (left panel) and the representative mice with tumor after treating with DMSO or Oridonin (right panel). (B) Photographs of DMSO and Oridonin treated group tumors, along with the graph of tumor weight. (C) The mean tumor size and the body weight of control and Oridonin groups. (D) Immunohistochemistry of tumor slides stained with antibodies against vWF and CD31; arrows showed new blood vessels in the tumor, with the statistical results of microvessels on the right. Mean integrated optical density (mean IOD) of blood vessels accords to the following formula: mean IOD = IOD/area of the tumor section. (**, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001).</p

Oridonin increased the cell-cell connections of HUVECs and decreased tumor cell transendothelial invason.

<p>(A) HUVEC morphology and cell-cell contacts by immunofluorescence assay. Arrows show the contact of endothelial cell edge with different concentrations of Oridonin. (B) HUVECs were treated with Oridonin or DAPT for 24 hours. Cells were fixed and stained with VE-cadherin. Photographs were obtained through a confocal microscope (left panel). HUVECs were treated with Oridonin or DAPT for 24 hours, and cells were harvested. VE-cadherin expression was examined by western blot analysis (right panel). (C) Transendothelial migration of 4T1 breast tumor cells with FBS or VEGF stimulation of HUVECs. 2×10⁵ HUVECs were grown to confluency for 48 hours on the Transwell membrane. HUVECs were treated with FBS or VEGF (20 ng/ml) for 18 hours. 1×10⁵ 4T1-GFP cells serum-starved overnight were added on the monolayer of HUVECs and incubated for 6 hours. After migrated cells were fixed and stained, the photographs were acquired. (D) The represent photographs of Fig. 5C. (*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001).</p